How to Sign Up for Social Security
7 minutes
Social Security is one of the most widely used benefits in America, providing monthly income to retirees, people with disabilities, and families of workers who have died. But even though nearly everyone pays into the system through their paycheck, many people are unsure how to actually sign up when the time comes. Do you apply online? Is there paperwork? When does the money start arriving?
The good news is that signing up for Social Security is more straightforward than it might seem. Still, it’s important to understand the timing, the process, and the documents you’ll need before you apply. Making a plan now helps avoid delays and ensures your payments arrive when you expect them.
This guide breaks down how to sign up for Social Security step by step, with plain-English answers to common questions along the way.
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Key Takeaways:
Apply 3-4 months before you want benefits to begin.
Use the SSA website for the quickest, easiest application.
Be ready with personal documents, tax records, and direct deposit info.
Payments usually begin the month after your benefits are approved.
The age you apply for retirement benefits directly affects the size of your monthly check.
When should I apply for Social Security benefits?
You can start collecting retirement benefits as early as age 62, but the amount you receive will be lower than if you wait until your full retirement age (somewhere between 66 and 67, depending on when you were born). If you wait until age 70, you’ll get your largest possible monthly benefit.
If you’re applying because of disability, the timeline is different. You can apply for Social Security disability as soon as you meet Social Security’s definition of disability, meaning you cannot work due to a serious medical condition expected to last at least a year or result in death.
It’s a good idea to apply 3 to 4 months before you want your benefits to start. That gives the Social Security Administration (SSA) enough time to review your application and get payments set up.
How do I actually sign up for Social Security?
You have three main options to sign up for Social Security:
Option 1: Apply online (fastest and easiest)
Visit the Social Security website.
Click “Apply for Retirement Benefits” or “Apply for Disability Benefits,” depending on your situation.
Sign in or create a mySocialSecurity account.
Follow the step-by-step application prompts.
Option 2: Apply by phone
Call the SSA at 1-800-772-1213 (TTY 1-800-325-0778) Monday through Friday, 8 a.m.–7 p.m.
Option 3: Apply in person
Contact your local Social Security office to schedule an appointment. This can be helpful if your situation is complicated or you’d prefer face-to-face guidance.
What information do I need to apply?
Having the right documents ready can save you time and headaches. Here’s what you’ll typically need:
Your Social Security number.
Your birth certificate or proof of age.
Proof of U.S. citizenship or lawful immigration status.
Military service papers (if you served before 1968).
W-2 forms or self-employment tax returns from the previous year.
Bank account information for direct deposit of your benefits.
If you’re applying for disability, you’ll also need:
Medical records, doctors’ contact information, and a list of medications.
A work history summary showing your past jobs.
What happens after I apply?
Here’s what you can expect:
Application review (a few weeks to several months)
For retirement benefits, approval usually takes 4-6 weeks.
For disability benefits, reviews can take longer (sometimes several months) because the SSA gathers medical information and evaluates your work history.
Approval letter and payments
Once approved, you’ll get an official letter in the mail.
Your first payment usually arrives the month after your benefits start. For example, if your benefits begin in June, expect your first payment in July.
Payments are sent by direct deposit on a set schedule, usually based on your birthday.
Ongoing access
You’ll be able to log in to your mySocialSecurity account anytime to check payment history, manage direct deposit, or get benefit verification letters.
How do I choose the right time to apply?
This is one of the biggest questions people have about Social Security. The answer depends on your situation:
If you need income as soon as possible, you may choose to apply at 62, even though it means a reduced monthly benefit
If you can afford to wait, applying at full retirement age or later can mean hundreds of extra dollars each month.
If you’re applying for disability, you should apply as soon as you’re unable to work—you don’t have to wait until retirement age.
A good rule of thumb: think about how long you plan to work, what other income sources you’ll have, and your overall health.
Why might you wait to get Social Security?
When you delay taking Social Security past your full retirement age (FRA), your benefit grows by about 8% per year (up until age 70). This increase is called delayed retirement credits.
Here are two real-world style examples:
Example 1: Average earner
Maria’s full retirement age is 67.
At 67, her benefit would be $1,600 per month.
If she starts at 62, she’d only get about $1,120 per month (a 30% reduction).
If she waits until 70, her benefit grows to about $1,984 per month (a 24% increase over her FRA amount).
Over 20 years of retirement, that’s roughly $200,000 more in lifetime benefits if she lives into her late 80s.
Example 2: Higher earner
David’s FRA is 66. His benefit at that age is $2,400 per month.
If he claims at 62, he gets about $1,800 per month.
If he waits until 70, he gets $3,168 per month (32% more than at FRA).
Over just 10 years (age 70 to 80), that extra $768 a month adds up to over $92,000 in additional benefits.
So the difference between starting early and waiting until 70 can easily be hundreds of dollars more per month, and tens of thousands more over a lifetime, depending on how long you live.