How to Sign Up for the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Marketplace
7 minutes
Getting health insurance through the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Marketplace can seem complicated, but it doesn’t have to be. The Marketplace (sometimes called “Obamacare”) was designed to help people find affordable, comprehensive health coverage even if they don’t get insurance through an employer.
Plans are standardized, meaning they all must cover key benefits like preventive care, prescriptions, and hospitalization.
With open enrollment happening once a year (and special enrollment periods available for certain life events), it’s important to know when and how to apply.
We’ll walk you through every step so you can sign up with confidence and make the most of your coverage.
Stay informed with BenefitKarma to get updates, deadlines, and tips for keeping your health insurance on track all year long.
What is the ACA Marketplace?
The Affordable Care Act Marketplace is an online platform where you can shop for, compare, and enroll in private health insurance plans. You can access it through HealthCare.gov or your state’s own Marketplace site (for example, Covered California or NY State of Health).
Each plan is grouped into one of four “metal” levels (Bronze, Silver, Gold, or Platinum) that indicate how costs are shared between you and the insurer. Bronze plans have lower premiums but higher out-of-pocket costs; Platinum plans cost more per month but cover more of your expenses when you need care.
How do I know if I’m supposed to use it?
You should use the ACA Marketplace if:
You don’t get insurance through your job or a family member’s job
You’re self-employed, between jobs, or working part-time without benefits
You’re not yet eligible for Medicare
If your employer offers coverage, you can still check Marketplace plans to see if you qualify for premium tax credits or cost-sharing reductions based on your household income. These subsidies can make a big difference; most people who enroll qualify for financial help.
We’ve got more about how ACA subsidies work.
When do I sign up for the ACA Marketplace?
Open Enrollment for Marketplace coverage runs from Nov. 1 through Jan. 15 every year.
If you sign up by Dec. 15, your coverage starts Jan. 1.
If you sign up between Dec. 16 and Jan. 15, your coverage starts Feb. 1.
If you miss these dates, you may still qualify for a Special Enrollment Period (SEP). For example, if you lose other coverage, move to a new area, or have a baby. You’ll usually have 60 days from the qualifying event to enroll.
How do I pick an ACA Marketplace plan?
When comparing plans, make sure to pay attention to the:
Monthly premium: what you pay every month for coverage
Deductible: how much you pay before insurance starts covering care
Out-of-pocket maximum: your yearly spending cap for covered services
Network: which doctors and hospitals are included
Tip: If you qualify for income-based savings, Silver-level plans often give you the best value since they offer cost-sharing reductions that lower your deductibles and copays. Use the Marketplace’s comparison tool to preview plans side-by-side and see estimated costs.
Once I pick a plan, what do I do?
After selecting your plan, you’ll:
Submit your first premium payment; coverage doesn’t start until you do.
Watch for your welcome packet and insurance card from your new insurer.
Set up an online account with your insurance company to track claims and payments.
Choose or confirm your primary care doctor, especially if your plan requires one.
Make sure your payment is made before your coverage start date, or your plan could be canceled before it even begins.
How often do I have to do this?
It’s a pain, but it’s the way it is: You’ll need to renew or review your plan every year during open enrollment, even if you want to keep the same coverage. Plan details like premiums, provider networks, or covered prescriptions can change annually.
Each fall, you’ll get a renewal notice with updated information. Take a few minutes to compare options; you might find a cheaper plan or new savings you qualify for.
Can I get help signing up?
Yes! Free help is available through certified navigators or enrollment counselors who can walk you through your options and help with your application. You can find local assistance at LocalHelp.HealthCare.gov.
If you prefer to do it yourself, HealthCare.gov has an online checklist and calculator to estimate your subsidy amount.
What if I have Medicaid or CHIP already?
If you or your children are enrolled in Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), you don’t need Marketplace coverage unless your situation changes, like your income rising above the Medicaid limit. In that case, you’ll usually get a Special Enrollment Period to transition into an ACA plan without losing coverage.
Bottom line:
Signing up for health insurance through the ACA Marketplace doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Once you understand the deadlines, steps, and options, you can confidently choose a plan that fits your budget and health needs.